Big changes don’t come easy for something as large as the construction industry, and when they do happen, they don’t happen all at once industry wide. Change occurs project by project, and company by company. BIM is currently making it more possible or feasible to do, but the real driver will be owners seeing examples from elsewhere in the world and starting to demand it for their projects. While projects of almost any size can benefit from prefabrication, it has perhaps the greatest impact in larger, more complex projects. These projects are often managed by a larger general contractor or construction manager, who will prefabricate mechanical, electrical, and plumbing equipment, which can be delivered to the jobsite and installed by smaller trade subcontractors exactly when needed. Building Information Modeling “BIM” is becoming a better known established collaboration process in the construction industry. Owners are increasingly requiring BIM services from construction managers, architects and engineering firms. Many construction firms are now investing in “BIM” technologies during bidding, preconstruction, construction and post construction. The goal of this research is to understand the uses and benefits of BIM for construction managers and examine the impacts of prefabrication in BIM for a specific residential case study. Almost for results we must show the ranges of saving in different stages of construction by prefabricated elements and also using BIM tools. 

Organization performance is critical for every oil marketing company as it enhances customer satisfaction and retention. The competitive business environment is continuously working against a firm’s performance and thus the need to counter these competing forces by gathering information for strategic management.  This study was guided by both general and specific objectives as follows: to determine the effect of strategic competitive intelligence practice on organizational performance of oil marketing firms in Mombasa County; to investigate the effect of technology competitive intelligence practice on organizational performance of oil marketing firms in Mombasa County. To evaluate the effect of tactics competitive intelligence practice on organizational performance of oil marketing firms in Mombasa County and to examine the effect of target competitive intelligence practice on organizational performance of oil marketing firms in Mombasa County. To strengthen the conceptual framework, the study used the following theories porter’s generic theory, theory of strategic balancing, Ansoff’s growth theory, theory of network organizationa and grand unified theory of the firm, The study targeted two officers working 62 firms being general managers and marketing manager therefore the target population was124. The study sample size was94.  A modified Likert scale questionnaire will be developed and divided into three parts. A pilot study was carried out to refine the instrument. The quality and consistency of the study was further assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed on a computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 25) for Windows. Data was presented in form of means, standard deviation, percentages and tables.The findings indicate that competitive intelligence practices have a positive and a statistically significant effect on the non-financial performance of oil marketing companies. The study concluded that strategic competitive intelligence and target competitive intelligence have a significant effect on organizational performance of oil marketing companies in Mombasa county. Managers of oil marketing companies should raise the utilization level of competitive intelligence practices to enable the firms to make accurate predictions on changes in the business environment, compete better in the marketplace against rivals, improve on innovation and automation, track competitors’ activities and improve the competitiveness of their firms by identifying threats and opportunities before they become obvious.

Plants are reported to possess a lot of beneficial effects in traditional systems of medicine. One of the commonly used multivitamin plant Sauropus androgynous is a potential medicinal plant belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. The bioactive compounds Amine Salt, Carbondioxide, Alkene, Sulfone, Alkyl aryl ether and Amines are found to be present in the leaves of Sauropus androgynous through IR irradiation. The present study is also compared with previously reported studies from India and Indonesia. The commonly available active groups are identified since the variation of presence of chemical composition according to the origin of the samples collected. The possible medicinal values of the active groups detected are discussed in the context of pharmaceutical interest. 

The study set out to determine the influence of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mombasa County in Kenya. The study’s specific objectives were to determine the effect of economic social responsibility on organizational performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mombasa County in Kenya; to examine the effect of legal social responsibility on organizational performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mombasa County in Kenya; to examine the effect of ethical social responsibility on organizational performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mombasa County in Kenya and to determine the effect of discretionary social responsibility on organizational performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mombasa County in Kenya. To strengthen the conceptual framework the study adopted theories such as stakeholder’s theory, slack resource theory, agency theory and fiduciary capitalism theory. The study will target 90 deposit taking SACCOs in Mombasa County.The study sample size was 74. A modified Likert scale questionnaire was developed and divided into three parts. A pilot study was carried out to refine the instrument. The quality and consistency of the study was further assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed on a computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 25) for Windows. Data was presented in form of means, standard deviation, percentages and tables. The study findings showed that economic social responsibility, ethical social responsibility and philanthropic social responsibility have a positive correlation and legal social responsibility had no correlation with organizational performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mombasa County. The study concluded that economic social responsibility and philanthropic social responsibility affects organizational performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mombasa County and legal social responsibility and ethical social responsibility has no effect on organizational performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Mombasa County, Kenya.

Renewable energy is an alternative pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and it also can help to meet the continuous increased electricity demand. According to the perspective of Bangladesh, solar energy is one of the most viable option for distant areas like rural areas, the Hill-districts and Haor regions, which will play a significant role to upgrade the living standards of the mass population of rural people. But installation place requirement remains an issue for small country like Bangladesh. Thus a optimal number of solar panels and their orientation has become a important factor. HelioScope is such technology to answer that question to certain extend. This software helps to find the maximum usage the available space. Southeast University’s academic building has been considered to perform the simulation test. Total 180 solar panels has been found as the optimized number in 700 m2 area considering shadow effect, tilt angel, solar irradiation, height of installation, solar reflection, temperature. Orientating the solar panels within the given area to achieve the maximum production of solar energy is the goal of this report.

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of competitive strategy on competitive advantage in Toyota Kenya, a company in the motor industry. The study aimed at establishing how cost leadership strategy affected competitive advantage in Toyota Kenya, how cost focus influenced competitive advantage in Toyota Kenya, determining how differentiation focus strategy affect competitive advantage in Toyota Kenya, examining how differentiation strategy affect competitive advantage in Toyota Kenya. To strengthen the conceptual framework, the study used theories such as resource-based view theory, competitive advantage theory, and the neo-institutional theory. The target population for the study was the employees of Toyota Kenya in the management and supervisory level. The target population was 150 employees of Toyota Kenya Limited. The sample size was 105 employees of Toyota Kenya. A modified Likert scale questionnaire was developed and divided into three parts. A pilot study was carried out to refine the instrument. The quality and consistency of the study was further assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed on a computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 25) for Windows. Data was presented in form of means, standard deviation, percentages and tables. From the findings, it was concluded that the favorite strategy is cost leadership owing to strong positive relationship that it holds with firm performance. The principle of charging lower price, engaging in sales promotion and investing in technology in a bid to lower cost should be held securely to avoid outweighing benefit realized by automation, outsourcing, improved internal efficiency and buying raw material at reduced prices. Cost focus strategy strives to supply a standard, high-volume product at the most competitive price to customers. It is important to note that a company might be a cost leader but that does not necessarily imply that the company products would have a low price. The study concluded that cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy have no effect on competitive advantage in Toyota Kenya. The study recommends that they should have effectively distribution channels, as well as alternative channels in terms of service away from the factory; firm should focus on differentiating its products based on segmentation. Marketing lead to increased sales, as well as giving the firm a competitive advantage and, as regards product process differentiation, the company should adopt technology in an attempt to ease communication during transaction, fostered customer-company relationship, which would increase customer satisfaction, improved operational efficiency, reduced operational costs and transaction time.

This study looked at the important part of internal control systems they play in relation to financial performance, with a specific focus on ICEA Lion Life Assurance Company limited. Therefore, the close examination of financial internal control systems as to how they are related to the financial performance in insurance companies in Kenya was the sole purpose of this study, intentionally to establish if those internal controls resulted to any significant outcomes in improved financial performance. The study applied Reliability theory, Agency theory, Systems theory and Transaction cost economics theory. The qualitative as well as quantitative techniques were used to conduct the research; where questionnaires were used on a sample population of 43 respondents in gathering primary data for the study from ICEA Lion Life Assurance Company Limited’s four branches, where structured closed ended questionnaires were used. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test reliability of the instrument’s ability to produce coherent and stable measurements. A pilot study was conducted to pretest the validity and reliability of instruments for data collection. The research supervisor’s opinion was obtained to ensure content validity of the research instrument. The test retest technique was used to estimate the reliability of the instruments.  Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient of values greater or equal to 0.7 was obtained as an indicator of internal consistency. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and presented using frequency tables to facilitate comparisons and conclusions based on the identified independent and dependent variable. This was to establish if there was a correlation between dependent variable; financial performance against independent variables: Detective internal controls, Preventive internal controls, Corrective internal controls and Monitoring internal controls. The study revealed the four components; Detective internal controls, Preventive internal controls, Corrective internal controls and Monitoring internal controls should always be available for the functioning of reliable internal control systems. Fraud, loss and misappropriation of organizations funds, are encouraged by fragile internal controls. The role of Detective internal controls, Preventive internal controls, Corrective internal controls and Monitoring internal controls explained 77.4%, leaving 22.6% unexplained.  The P- value  of  0.000 (Less  than  0.05)  implies that  the  model  of  financial performance was  significant  at  the  95% confidence level. The researcher concluded that there is need to evaluate other factors which contribute to the improvement of financial performance in the insurance industry.

The study sought to examine the effect of internal control on financial performance of hotels at the Kenyan Coast. The study was inspired by the poor performance of hotels that lead to closure of some. The study was guided by both general and specific objectives as follows: to examine the effect of control environment on financial performance of hotels at the Kenyan Coast; to examine the effect of risk assessment on financial performance of hotels at the Kenyan Coast; to evaluate the effect of information system on financial performance of hotels at the Kenyan Coast and to determine the effect of control activities on financial performance of hotels at the Kenyan Coast. To strengthen the conceptual framework, the study used theories such as agency theory, stewardship theory, reliability theory and attribution theory. The target population of the study was 180 hotels and the sample size were 124. A modified Likert scale questionnaire will be developed and divided into three parts. A pilot study was carried out to refine the instrument. The quality and consistency of the study was further assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed on a computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 24) for Windows. Data was presented in form of means, standard deviation, percentages and tables.The study showed that there was a strong positive correlation between the independent variable control activities, risk assessment, information system and control activities and the dependent variable financial performance of hotels at the Kenyan Coast. Further the study results rejected all null hypotheses that control activities, risk assessment, information systems and control activities have no significant effect on financial performance of hotels at the Kenyan Coast. The study concluded that all the independent variables control environment, risk management, information systems and control activities have an effect on financial performance of hotels at the Kenyan Coast. From the study findings the following are the recommendations; That hotels control environment should be enhanced, that managers should embrace enterprise risk management and good corporate governance to maximize on the financial benefits of internal control systems; that  management should also ensure that their organizations have strong internal control environment where internal control activities inform of policies and procedures are adequate and that control environment and control activities should on a regular basis be evaluated by internal audit department to provide management with the assurance on the adequacy and effectiveness of mitigation controls that management has put in place.

Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is the most important nutritionally rich food consuming by human being in the world. This commodity needs proper processing and value addition infrastructure to increase shelf life and to enhance commercial production as well as the productivity. The present study was carried out at Hawalbagh, Dhauladevi, Takula and Dadimkhola blocks of Almora district. The benefit-cost ratio and break-even point of the value addition enterprises were worked out. The study showed that all enterprises spending 89.8 percent of funds as variable cost and 10.2 percent as fixed cost for the value addition in button mushroom in the form of pickle. Purchasing of raw materials and depreciation on the processing room are the major variable and fixed costs, respectively. As result of non availability of the market structures for the mushroom pickle, the farm entrepreneurs fixed the pickle price by their own and it depends on expenses made for the pickle preparation and demand for the product. The study also revealed that as compare to all other entrepreneurs from all blocks of Almora district, the fifth entrepreneur from Takula block received maximum net profit of Rs. 10324.6. BC ratio and break even analysis tools showed that all enterprises are efficient and they are gaining the profits of Rs. 0.61 per rupee of investment and net return increasing beyond the break even point. Being economically sound and generating additional incomes, the farmer entrepreneurs were satisfied in adopting the technology.

The aim of this study was to establish the factors that affect productivity in thermal power generation plants and also to establish how these factors affect the efficiency and progressive trends in these thermal power generation plants. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides that were administered by the researcher. The study was conducted on workers from different levels and departments which included management, technical personnel, crafts men and finally the chief executive officers for each plant. Two large power stations at the coast region were the sampling units. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; the mean score of the sample for each factor was calculated. Using a 95% confidence level, the population score for each factor was determined. The results show that the major factors that affect productivity in large thermal power stations are cost of inventory, availability of spares, capacity utilization, effective capacity, technology, plant location, licensing and government regulations, ISO certification and employment incentives. From the findings in this project, it shows that higher productivity leads to higher efficiency and it is therefore recommended that policy makers should focus, analyze and manage properly the identified major factors in order to improve productivity in the thermal power generation plants. It is also recommended in this report that the stake holders in the thermal power generation stations should come with explicit policies articulating the importance of productivity analysis in the thermal power generation centers.

The phenomenon of shelter has been among our basic needs for various reasons, and hundreds of years ago this need has led to the concept of "housing". Being nomadic and need oriented at the beginning, the housing and its residential design process coincide with the historical development of the people and extend to the present by including the concept of architecture. Small square meters living spaces/mobile spaces utilize the technology in every field from the design stage to presentation techniques, manufacturing and application methods. In this way, it was possible to use many new materials in the field of application and even many new artificial materials were produced, as a result, longer life, more robust, more functional products and spaces could be obtained in a shorter time with much less labor. As a result of the developments, small square meter / mobile housing concept has been improved.Introduction to the concept of small housing is an indispensable phenomenon for today's technology and human / space needs.

Background: Epilepsy was one of the first brain disorders to be described in which clusters of nerve cells or neurons, sometimes signal abnormally. The cause of epilepsy in most cases is unknown, although some people has epilepsy as the result of brain stroke, brain cancer and drugs etc. Epilepsy is associated with fear and social stigma.

Objectives: To find out the association of knowledge of primary school teachers regarding first-aid management of epilepsy in children with related demographic variables.

Methodology: Descriptive research design was used to assess the knowledge among teachers regarding first-aid management of epilepsy in children. A total 50 teachers were selected from selected schools of district Shri Muktsar Sahib. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the subjects and schools. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of teachers regarding epilepsy in children.  

Results: it was found that 44% of the teachers were in age group 21-30 years, 68% were females and only 32% were male. There were 56% of the teachers were M.A. B.Ed. and only 6% were M.Sc. B.Ed. Majority 44% of the teachers had 0-5 years of teaching experience and only 8% had 11-15 years of teaching experience. Only 2% teacher’s parents had history of epilepsy. The 46% of the teachers got information from the mass media and only 6% got information from parents. There was no significant association of knowledge of primary school teacher’s regarding first-aid management of epilepsy in children with related demographic variables.

Conclusion: It was concluded that 19 were having good knowledge, 25 were having average knowledge and 6 were having poor knowledge. Knowledge score was 0-9, 10-18 and 19-27

Despite the undeniable importance of financial innovation in explaining banking performance, the impact of innovation on performance, is still misunderstood for two main reasons, first, there is inadequate understanding about the drivers of innovation and secondly innovations’ impact on bank’s performance remains lowly untested. Kenyan commercial banks have continued to deploy huge investments in technology-based innovations and training of manpower to handle the new technologies. The main objective of this study was to establish the effect of financial innovations on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives were: To determine the effect of financial process innovation on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya; To evaluate the effect of financial market innovation on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya; To assess the effect of financial product innovation on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya; To ascertain the effect of financial institution innovation on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya.A descriptive survey design was used while a questionnaire was used to gather primary data. Secondary data was used to validate the communicative and pragmatic validity of primary data. The target study units for this research were 126 randomly selected staff of commercial banks. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis methods will be applied. Statistical analysis will be done with the aid of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS v.23) software. On financial process innovation the study results showed that asset securitization improves profitability and assets quality for commercial banks in Mombasa County. That commercial banks in Mombasa County have innovated risk mitigating instruments to reduce assets risk exposure and this increase returns on investment from better assets. On financial institution innovation, the study findings revealed that agency banking improves banking efficiency by increasing customers deposits while keeping operational cost at a minimum low. Similarly, internet banking and mobile banking helped commercial banks to leverage on operational efficiency with a great customer experience. On financial product innovation, the study findings established that innovations around banking products such as mortgages and mobile banking helps in deepening relationships with existing customers as well as the new one for use of other bank products such as loans applications thus increasing revenues and profits. On financial market innovations the study results revealed that commercial banks that blended their products with those of capital markets were more likely to have an increased profitability and returns on investment because they would be holding as deposits monies used to buy shares and other instruments. Concluded that financial process innovation, financial institution innovation and financial markets innovations have no effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County. Recommended that commercial banks shall innovate processes that will reduce operating costs; that commercial banks shall innovate processes that are user friendly and that commercial banks shall innovate and blend products that can give clients wider uses such as insurance and capital markets.

Strategic management has emerged as the most significant and widely used management approach and is seen as moving management away from a concern with the organizations` internal dynamics to an involvement with its strategic alignment in the external environment. The objective of the study is to determine the influence of strategic management practices on the performance of Mabati Rollings Manufacturing firm in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were: to determine the effect of strategic controls on performance of MRM firm in Kenya, to establish the effect of strategic innovation on performance of MRM firm in Kenya, to determine the effect of strategic direction on performance of MRM firm in Kenya and influence of strategic positioning on performance of MRM firm in Kenya. The study employed theory of management by objective, strategic leadership theory and resource based view as theories for the study. The descriptive research design was used in the formulation of knowledge on the influence of strategic management on the performance of MRM firm in Kenya and provided solutions to areas that needed improvement. Data analysis and interpretation was  done quantitatively based on descriptive statistics such as  measures of mean and measures of dispersion as well as inferential statistics mainly analysis of variance, multi-linear regression and bivariate Pearson correlation. Data processing and analysis was finally done by use of the SPSS software version 24.According to the findings, there was a strong positive correlation between the independent variables; strategic controls, strategic innovation, strategic direction and strategic positioning; performance of Mabati Rollings Manufacturing firm in Kenya.The study found out that the leadership builds managerial support. It is therefore recommended that leaders in manufacturing firms need to motivate, support, and communicate, innovate the organization in building up shared behavior, vision, mission, norms and values formation among the employees for strategy management practices. The study revealed that among the four variables discussed, strategic positioning had the highest performance. Therefore, its role to produce fundamental decisions and actions in shaping and guiding the organization towards achieving its objectives very important and should be given more attention.