The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the spatial order of typologically produced educational buildings and the cognitive perceptions of students upon them. The main hypothesis of this study is that children’s perceptual, social and pyhsical relations differ via the spatial configuration of educational buildings and cognitive maps of the students can be a tool to understand these relationships.Within the scope of the study, a comparative method has been followed on cognitive maps in order to examine the perceptual relationship of two different educational institutions' students between the ages of 8-12. At the end of the study, it was found that (1) the cognitive interaction that the students established with their school buildings changed according to the spatial order and (2) social interaction of students with each other affected when the spatial organization has no supportive qualities of visual interaction. In addition, it has been seen that when the spatial order has supportive visual qualities in educational buildings children can have attached feelings to their school buildings and have more meaningful relationships with their surroundings.

Education plays a key role in human development through acquisition of knowledge and skills that are necessary for active participation in the development of a nation. It is propagated through the school system as a social unit. Despite its importance, completion rates of primary school education in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) of Kenya is generally still low. This study sought to establish factors that contribute to low completion rates of girls in primary schools in Mogotio Sub County. The study adopted the descriptive research design. Six schools were purposively selected out of the twenty four primary schools in the Sub County. A sample 6 head teachers, 52 class teachers, 45 girl pupils and 12 household heads who took part in the study were selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaires were used to solicit information from head teachers and class teachers’ while interview guide was used to collect data from girl pupils and household heads. The data collection tools were validated and pilot tested for reliability. The head teachers’ and class teachers’ questionnaires yielded reliability coefficients of 0.7571 and 0.7193 respectively. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and the results of the analysis presented in the form of frequencies, percentages means standard deviations and charts. The results of the study indicated that boys have higher chances of completing primary school than girls. It was also found that girl’s primary school completion rates were influenced by economic, social-cultural and school environment factors. It is hoped that the knowledge gained from the findings of the study will enable teachers, parents, the government and other stakeholders’ device interventions that will lead to higher school completion rates for girls in primary.

The present paper deals with synthesis and characterization of metal complex of some novel 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl substituted chalcones. The substituted chalcones were prepared by reacting 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl acetophenone with corresponding aromatic aldehydes like       2-chorobenzaldehyde, 3-bromobenzaldehyde, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and 4-cyanobenzaldehyde. The Copper(II) metal complexes of general formula ML2 with newly prepared chalcones synthesized and characterized by several physiochemical techniques like Melting point, Elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, Electronic absorption and Infrared spectral studies. The analytical data confirmed 1:2 stoichiometry of M: L and the electronic spectral data suggest that all Cu (II) complexes have distorted octahedral geometry. The conductivity data show that all these complexes are non-electrolytes. Furthermore, biological activities of complexes with selected bacterial strain carried and the results have been compared with commercial standards.

India and Afghanistan have been geo-politically and strategically very important to each other so the relations between the two nations can be traced back from the depth of history. The relations took a new look after the fall of Taliban and establishment of democratic government in Afghanistan and India maintained a great influence in post-war political, socio-economic and developmental aspect of Afghanistan. While dealing with war torn Afghanistan India adopted a proper system of strategies not only to further its interests but also to benefit the Afghan nation. These strategies range from seeking political influence in Afghanistan to stability of the Afghan political system, from seeking economic influence to provide development aid to Afghanistan and also from security and stability in Afghanistan to provide military assistance. This paper focuses on the analysis of the strategies of India in post-war Afghanistan.

This research was conducted to study the effects of sodium benzoate (0.1% ) on mango pulp which was stored in transparent plastic jars at ambient temperature (25 to 30°C) for three months. Mangoes “Chaunsa” varieties were selected for research work and research was conducted in analytical laboratory of FSPDI. NARC, Islamabad. The treatments were T0 (Mango pulp without preservative) and T1 (0.1% sodium benzoate). The samples were analyzed for physicochemical (0. pH, TSS and % acidity) and sensory analysis (color, flavor and overall acceptability) after 15 days of intervals. The data showed that the pH decreased from 3.85 to 3.44, TSS increased from 13.00 to 14.50° and titratable acidity increased from 0.29 to 0.34% during storage. Organolaptically T1 was found better then the T0. Sample T1 (0.1% Sodium benzoate) was found more acceptable as compare to T0 (mango pulp without preservative) after three months of storage.

The present study reports the synthesis of chitosan-silver (I) oxide nanocomposite and its fabrication with herb Cynodondactylon. The synthesised nanocomposites were characterised by UV-Vis, FTIR and FESEM studies. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites was determined by Agar well diffusion method. The synthesised composite showed enhanced activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The FESEM studies proved the embedded silver (I) oxide nanoparticle in nanocomposite and the size of the particles was found to be less than 100 nm.

The phase of economic stagnation started in 70s was over and a phase of growth revival has started in Madhya Pradesh particularly after the shift in the economic policy from command planning to pro market liberalisation in 1991 [1]. This industrialization has improved the growth rate of several districts of MP. Consistent financial support of Madhya Pradesh Financial Corporation and Madhya Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation has definitely improved the actual economy of the state but the assistance provided could not improve to the extent that any of these district could have been tagged as developed one. The efforts made should be continued for the upliftment of the state and the society in general. The role of MPFC is critical in the improvement of any state which is economically and industrially backward [2].

Sincere efforts made by the Government although did not show results directly as per number of indicators which were developed to measure the improvement of the districts. However, the improvement during this period was substantial which will support in the upliftment of these districts in the coming decade.

Guava mainly propagates asexually through cuttings. IBA concentration at different levels (ppm) play a vital role in the survival and rooting in guava cutting. To investigate the response of guava cuttings to various concentrations of IBA for further research work, the findings of previously published literature are summarised in this paper for observing the response of different IBA concentration to rooting and survival percentage of guava. The summarised result suggests IBA at 2000 ppm for the better survival and at 4000 ppm for the better rooting of guava cuttings.

A shoe is a vital fashion accessory of an outfit. Without prefect pair of shoes every outfit is incomplete. Since the colonial era, first footwear industry has started in Bangladesh, although its modernization took place only the late 1980s. The footwear industry of Bangladesh, due to its rapid growth in demand both in the local and global market, is now considered the next ready-made garments sector. The purpose of this study is to make a contribution to men’s shoes by analyzing changes related to excessive and decorative expressions of latest men’s wear design in terms of fashion, price, style and color by using the results to develop a new fashion style.