A research is made about the effects of the principles of the Universal Design on housing design. The aim of this study is to introduce universal design principles and to emphasize the positive effects of the application of these principles. The scope of the study is to examine the reflection of universal design concept on multi-family housing design. Also, the scope includes designs to be made to increase the application rate in the concept of multi-family housing. Rather than designing different products for the changing needs of the different individuals, it is aimed to design products suitable for the use of all of the individuals. 

In order to obtain information, field research was made in the study. In the field research, all the common areas and residential areas searched in the projects were examined according to universal design principles. Information was obtained from inside and outside the selected examples of multi-family houses by observation and photography method. A chart was prepared to evaluate the requirements of housing projects and common problems identified. As a result, the general aim of the thesis is; universal design principles to be widely used in the design of multi-family houses.

Developing countries exports fluctuate more because it comprises mainly of agricultural products which have an unstable supply. Unstable exports tend to destabilize the income of these countries as long as export earnings constitute a significant proportion of GNP, which has serious economic and social implications. This study analyzed the export instability of tea from Sri Lanka to look into the causes for instability in the quantity, price and export earnings from tea exports. The study used secondary data of the Sri Lankan tea exports for the period 1961 to 2012. It is concluded that export instability is mainly due to geographical concentration of exports, exchange rate, and the quantity of tea produced. Instability of tea export prices was significantly affected by the geographical index, while changes in the average export value of tea were influenced largely by the changes in the mean export prices and mean quantity of tea exports. Instability in quantity of tea exports, earnings and prices implies the need to take stabilization measures such as trade or commodity agreements. Tea export earnings and export quantity fluctuations can be mitigated by increasing the volume of exports to more export destinations or new markets.

The development and evaluation of various test/ technologies for rapid and effective way of diagnosis of diseases is constantly felt in biomedical research. The traditional means of disease diagnosis is now a day’s overcome by new exciting technological means because of its improve diagnostic capabilities besides reducing the time and cost, associated with conventional diagnostic techniques. Laboratory diagnosis for veterinary pathogens now has been improvised through the use of recombinant antigen, monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides, as well as incorporation of new molecular technique. Pen side diagnosis mostly has been felt for identification/detection of pathogens at field level in a rapid and accurate way particularly in disease outbreaks. Use of chromatographic strip, lateral flow technologies, immunoassay, biosensors, nanotechnology, mobile PCR assay are promising and hold great promise for improving speed and accuracy of diagnostics for various infectious pathogens in animals. The present paper reviews some of the current and potential use of pen side diagnostics in pathogens detections.

Unprecedented order of nature has always guided the designers. Even though the designers took an example of formal simulations in the past, they then concentrated upon orders logic existing in nature. Orders appeared complex in nature have been observed to have occurred with systematic gathering of several pieces with particular rules. 

Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to generate a generative modular system that will be of assistance for creating spatial organization alternatives to architects and to be used for generating new form and generation by getting inspired by organization logic defining order concept in nature.  Within the scope of the study, it has been endeavoured to generate a model taking an example from organizational set-up of living beings in nature for spatial organization of the structures with multi-function and likely to grow thereafter.

Cities are not only the place of production and consumption but also has some space of cultural and social interaction which provides opportunity of gaining information, knowledge sharing, cultural exchange, health and education. India’s level of urbanization keeps on accelerating at unprecedented scale that ultimately caused threat to environment sustainability. Because of the unplanned urban growth causes the formation of slum and increased the burden on the existing infrastructure. Consequently, the issue of management of urbanization becomes critical because it imposes a heavy cost on the current natural resources. Presently Indian cities are facing a lot of environmental challenges in the form of pollution, stress on urban land, Water shortages, losses of green cover and biodiversity etc. A few substitutes have been suggested to resolve the issues emerged during development process in the cities are cooperation among authorities at local, state, national and international levels, magnetize private investment and utilize natural resources within a limited extent and consultation with different stakeholders. Besides, an integrated approach to rural and urban development is very important in this regard but unfortunately it is missing on the ground reality.

Chikungunya fever is a viral disease caused by chikungunya virus(CHIKV), and transmitted by the bite of infected Aedesaegyptimosquitoes. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a member of the genus Alphavirus, in the family Togaviridae and was first isolated from Tanzania in 1953. The CHIKV was first identified in India in 1963, in kolkatta. The outbreaks seemed to decline in the late 20th century, with no case reports after 1973. However since its resurgence in 2006 in various parts of the country, this tenacious epidemic has manifested itself in myriad ways especially in the 2016 outbreak in Delhi. Along with typical signs and symptoms many atypical manifestation of the chikungunya fever was seen during the current upsurge of disease. We present the case of an 18-year-old girl who presented with nephrotic syndrome in course of chikungunya fever.

This paper aims to study the attitude of 10th standard and 12th standard students towards private tuition.  Based on the objectives, the survey method was adopted. The sample consists of 420 students from, private and government schools studying in class 10 and class 12.  Questionnaire was used as the tool to collect data from the sample.  The findings of the study revealed that the selected variables gender, type of school and class studying influences the formation of positive attitude of the students towards private tuition and the other variables such as   location of school, area of tuition centre and tuition time does not influence this study.