International journal of advanced research and review (IJARR)

1.ADVANCED SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGY: AN UP TO DATE REVIEW

M S Sadek

BANGLADESH

Abstract:

Generation of clean energy is one of the main challenges of the 21st century. Solar energy is the most abundantly available renewable energy source which could be supplying more than 50% of the global electricity demand in 2100.Solar cells are used to convert light energy into electrical energy directly with an appeal that it does not generate any harmful bi-products, like greenhouse gasses. The manufacturing of solar cells is actually based on the types of semiconducting or non-semiconducting materials used and commercial maturity. From the very beginning of the terrestrial use of Solar Cells, efficiency and costs are the main focusing areas of research. The definition of so-called advanced technologies sometimes described as including any technology capable of overcoming the Shockley–Queisser limit of power conversion efficiency (33.7%) for a single junction device. In this paper, some prominent solar cells technologies, their structural morphology, electrical and optical properties are elaborately discussed. The excellent state of the art technology, advantages and potential research issues yet to be explored are also pointed out.

2.BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES - SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HORTICULTURAL INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW

K. Prasannath

Download PDF

SRI LANKA

Abstract:

This paper reviews the botanical pesticidal products and their activity against the horticultural insect pests. About 211 plant species were explained to have different types of pesticidal properties under in vitro conditions against the pests. Synthetic insecticides possess inherent toxicities that endanger the health of the farmers, consumers and the environment. Hazardous effects on human health led to a resurgence in interest in botanical insecticides due to their minimal costs and lesser environmental side effects. Botanicals are advantageous over broad-spectrum conventional insecticides. They affect only target pests and closely related organisms, decomposed quickly and leave the food residue free and provide a safe environment to live. As a component in the integrated pest management system, botanical insecticides can greatly reduce the quantity of synthetic insecticides applied and contribute to sustainable crop cultivation.

3.EFFECT OF DOPING ON THE MOBILITY OF SEMICONDUTING SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES

Pravin Wararkar and Dr. H K Dahule

Download PDF

Nagpur, INDIA

Abstract:

The single walled carbon nanotube as a 1-D device is studied by evaluating the various electrical parameters such as mobility, velocity, critical electric field etc. Comparison of these parameters eventually reveals that nano-devices are ideal replacement for current 2-D solid state silicon devices. Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to evaluate above parameters for both intrinsic as well as extrinsic carbon nanotubes. Thermal analysis showed that carbon nanotubes exhibit similar trend as that of silicon. It is also found that carbon nanotubes devices exhibits exceptionally high mobility in order of 10^5 (cm^2/V-s).the main factor governing the mobility in case of carbon nanotubes devices is the electron phonon interaction.

4.A STUDY ON SMALLHOLDER RUBBER PRODUCTION IN MONARAGALA DISTRICT, SRI LANKA

D. M. P Dissanayake, Thivahary Geretharan* and G. Hariharan

Download PDF

SRI LANKA

Abstract:

Sri Lanka is one of the nine major producers of natural rubber (NR) in the world. In terms of productivity, it is now the third best. Sri Lanka’s national rubber production is immensely contributed by the smallholder rubber producers. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the existing status of rubber cultivation, socio-economic conditions and the issues of smallholder rubber farmers in Monaragala district. Five Divisional Secretariat (DS) divisions of Monaragala district were selected and twenty respondents (rubber producers) were chosen by using simple random sampling method from each selected DS divisions as the total sample size of 100. Pre-tested, structured and an interviewer administrated questionnaires were used to collect primary data from farmers. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis and multiple regression analysis were done. The results of the study indicates that majority of the farmers (54%) were between the age range of 41-60 years. Rubber cultivation was predominantly a male occupation and majority of the farmers (52%) had attended primary level education. The average farming experience of the respondents was 7.5 years and more than half of the respondents (57%) had the farming experience of less than 7 years. The average extent of land cultivated was 1.7 acres and it was observed that 93% of respondents’ cultivated land size was less than 3 acres. About 47% of rubber farmers had produced 50 – 100 kilograms of rubber per month. Average number of untapped trees was 112 and average tapped trees were 205. Yield per month was 160 sheets and the average of cost of production per month was Rs. 6,240. Results of multiple regression analysis revealed that the experience in rubber farming and number of tapped trees had positive and highly significant relationship, whereas extent of land used had negative significant relationship with rubber production. Despite impressive progress in the Sri Lankan rubber industry, it is still overwhelmed by a series of critical issues such as declining planted area, labour shortage-more specifically skilled tappers, low land and labour productivity, an ageing labour force, inadequate resources, and high cost of production. The foremost challenge before research institutions and the rubber industry here is to develop a golden clone which will not only be very high yielding but also have other positive attributes, such as compatibility with over exploitation, low frequency tapping without loss of yield and so on. Research efforts have to be given top priority.

5.TYPES OF WASTE AND DISPOSAL METHODS: A STUDY BASED ON INDUSTRIES IN GAMPAHA DISTRICT

S.A.U.M.Senanayake, Krishnal Thirumarpan* and T.Thiruchelvam

Download PDF

SRI LANKA

Abstract:

The bulk of the industrial and service industry is concentrated in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Moving toward a sustainable industrial activity requires an effective waste management that is applicable and efficient for all different types of industrial wastes. It is vital to study the different types of waste generated by industries, their method of disposal and treatment methods followed by industries in Gampaha District. Twenty industries were taken for the study. Primary data were taken from personal interviews with industries using a questionnaire. Results revealed that majority of the industries were producing textile (25%). 85% of industries produced solid waste followed by 50% produced chemical wastes. 65% of the industries dumped their waste into the village side. Very few (5%) industries disposed their waste in to the compost bin. Only 25% of industries followed regulations related to environment in a proper way. 50% of industries used chemical precipitation and landfill as treatment methods. And 20% of industries used composting. Chi square results revealed that a high significant association observed between the type of industry and liquid wastes produced by industry (X2=7.013, p < 0.01). And a high significant association observed between the type of industry and dumping of waste in to the village side by industry (X2=15.918, p < 0.01). It is highly recommended that the Local authority must instruct industries to make compost and biogas using their solid waste which is one of the major sources of water pollution in the study area.

6.CURCUMA LONGA AMEILIORATES; AMORPHOUS, APOPTOTIC, INFLAMMATORY AND NUCLEAR CHANGES CAUSED BY 2G CELL PHONE RADIATION EXPOSURE IN MYOCARDIUM OF ALBINO RATS

Sharma R. P*., Kataria S.K., Raichandani L., Gurjar A., Agrawal R., Kataria K., Raichandani S.

Download PDF

RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Abstract:

This study on sixty albino rats divided in four groups. Group A was control, B exposed to radiations one hour daily (Cell phone2G 900-1900 MHz), C given Curcuma longa (turmeric) orally(166.5mg/kg/day) emulsified with olive oil and D exposed to both radiations and Curcuma longa orally. After 2 month of exposure animals, sacrificed by cervical dislocation then heart dissected out, preserved, processed and stained with H & E examined under microscope. Observations of myocardium in group B shown amorphous deposits, inflammation and mononuclear infiltration, congestion, karyopyknosis. while structural enhancement in group C than group A and minimal effects in group D than group B. Concluded that Regular cell phone exposure has produced, alteration in cellular and nuclear structure which could be minimized by using turmeric in proper manner.

7.COMPREHENSIVE STUDY & OVERVIEW OF NETWORK SECURITY

Pravin Wararkar, H K Dahule, Lokesh Chawle, Sagar Soitkar, Ashish Charbe, and Jagdish Chakole

Download PDF

Maharashtra, INDIA

Abstract:

Network security consists of the provisions made in an underlying computer network infrastructure, policies adopted by the network administrator to protect the network and the network-accessible resources from unauthorized access and the effectiveness (or lack) of these measures combined together.Network security starts from authenticating any user. Once authenticated, firewall enforces access policies such as what services are allowed to be accessed by the network users. Though effective to prevent unauthorized access, this component fails to check potentially harmful contents such as computer worms being transmitted over the network. An intrusion prevention system (IPS) helps detect and prevent such malware. IPS also monitors for suspicious network traffic for contents, volume and anomalies to protect the network from attacks such as denial of service. Communication between two hosts using the network could be encrypted to maintain privacy. Individual events occurring on the network could be tracked for audit purposes and for a later high level analysis.

8.CHARACTERIZATION OF HALOTOLERANT PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING BACILLUS MEGATERIUM ISOLATED FROM LONAR SODA LAKE

Shubhangi S. Hingole, Anupama P. Pathak*

Download PDF

Maharashtra, INDIA

Abstract:

Twelve halotolerant bacteria were isolated from the composite soil sample collected from the vicinity of Lonar Soda Lake. Of these, highest salt tolerating gram positive rod shaped motile organism was selected and designated as ADL5.The isolate was identified as Bacillus megaterium using cultural, microscopic and biochemical characterization. Isolate ADL5 showed luxuriant growth at 3 % NaCl at pH 9 and temperature 30oC and produced indole acetic acid and ammonia under salinity stress , it also have phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation ability.

9.SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT USING REMOTE SENSING & GIS TECHNIQUES:A CASE STUDY OF BARIPADA, MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT, ODISHA

Nandi D. and Sahu P. C

Download PDF

Odisha, INDIA

Abstract:

Solid waste is one of the non-degradable wastes in ruining the environment day by day. The waste generally come as domestic waste as polythene, commercial wastes, industrial waste etc. Baripada being the heart of a tribal dominated district like Mayurbhanj in Orissa in developing day by day. The population is increasing day by day, thus, the demanding for more use of households need. The solid wastes like polythene, paper, are the result of this. So, it is very much crucial to manage their wastes for sustainable environment. For the management, it is important to know the area of contamination, areas with high density wastes, its dumping sites etc. Remote Sensing & GIS is the method used to locate and prepare an effective and long- run plan for solid waste management. The more wild be the aerial data on these. GIS softwares are used for analyzing and mapping. The more will the effectiveness of management.

10.GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS IN A TRIBAL DOMINATED AREA OF MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT, ODISHA

Pramod Chandra Sahu

Download PDF

Odisha, INDIA

Abstract:

The study area is located in the southern part of the Mayurbhanj district in the state of Odisha.. The geomorphic units of the area have been broadly identified as Lateritic upland, Alluvial plain, Flood plain, Residual Hills and Deeply weathered Pediplain. The predominant formation is in the form of older alluvium flanked by younger alluvium in the south east and consolidated formations in the North West top of which is partially lateritised. Ground water occurs under unconfined condition in the shallow weathered zone and circulates through fractures and joints. The thickness of the weathered zone varies from 3 to 35m. Depth of open wells in these formation varies from 5 to 14 meter below ground level. The occurrence of aquifer zones between 60 and 120 m depth is less frequent and normally one to three aquifer zones with the individual thickness varying from 4 to 12 m is found to occur. The ground water yield potential of this block is moderate because of the inherent formation characteristics and associated well construction difficulties in the absence of well defined pervious zones in many places. The stage of ground water development is quite high. However in certain instances, moderate to high yielding wells are encountered mostly in the older & younger alluvium. The area represents a typical tribal block sizable ST population and hence needs special care for sustainable ground water development along with equitable availability of water resources for the entire populace.

11.EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Pravin Wararkar and H K Dahule

Download PDF

Maharashtra, INDIA

Abstract:

An Embedded System (ES) is a microcontroller-based, Software driven, Reliable, Real-Time control system (RTOS), Autonomous, Human or Network interactive, Operating on diverse physical variable and in diverse environment, Sold into a competitive and conscious market.

Many embedded systems have substantially different design constraints than desktop computing applications. No single characterization applies to the diverse spectrum of embedded systems. However, some combination of cost pressure, long life-cycle, real-time requirements, reliability requirements, and design culture dysfunction can make it difficult to be successful applying traditional computer design methodologies and tools to embedded applications. Embedded systems in many cases must be optimized for life-cycle and business-driven factors rather than for maximum computing throughput. There is currently little tool support for expanding embedded computer design to the scope of holistic embedded system design. However, knowing the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches can set expectations appropriately, identify risk areas to tool adopters, and suggest ways in which tool builders can meet industrial needs.

12.MEASUREMENT OF UPPER LIMB BONE FOR CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE DOMINANCE IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN

Mantri Eti* , Kataria K.Sushma, Joya Hemakanwer

Download PDF

RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Abstract:

Aims and objective: - Most of the long bone of the body are developed from endochondral ossification . The growth of the length of long bone depends upon the cell present in the proliferative zone of epiphyseal plate. Growth of diameter depends mainly on the continous deposition of sub periosteal region of the bone as periosteal ossification. As most of the people are right handed,the right dominance coincides with the dominant left cerebral hemisphere.

Material and method; - This study contributed 20 pairs of upper limb bones of the unknown sex. Bone of arms Humerus, bones of forearm Radius,Ulna of both sides are collected from the department of Anatomy , Dr S.N. Medical college ,Jodhpur . Length is measured on an Osteometric Board and Circumference measured by Vernier Caliper.

Result: - Length and circumference of Humerus, Radius and Ulna of right sided is more longer shows the right dominance coincides with left Cerebral Hemisphere in the Western Rajasthan.

Conclusion: - The present study conducted on the measurement of long bone of upper limb in western Rajasthan concluded that bones of right upper extremity are longer and more in circumference the left sided. Right dominance of upper limb bone seems to be dominated left cerebral hemisphere. Measurement of length and circumference of upper limb bone can be attributed to the type of movement.

13.ABSCESS AT THE BASE OF TONGUE

Navneet Agarwal, Ritu Agarwal, Hemkanwer Joya*

Download PDF

RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Abstract:

Lingual abscess is an uncommon condition. Most of the cases of lingual abscess are seen in the anterior part of the tongue and abscess in the posterior one third are extremely rare. They are more dangerous since they can cause upper airway obstruction. Moreover, because of their location they may be missed on clinical examination by the clinician. So the clinician should be aware of this entity. Till 2006, only 50 cases of tongue abscess have been reported in English literature1.We are presenting a case report with review of literature and a new method of draining the abscess.

14.DIGITAL ART FOR A SMARTER ENVIRONMENT

G.Valarmathi, Priyanga.S, Yazhini.S.A and Sowmya Devi.R

Download PDF

Tamilnadu, INDIA

Abstract:

This paper presents an advanced and user friendly Human Computer Interaction (HCI) technology using Raspberry Pi to effortlessly translate the users' intentions into corresponding commands and output. The proposed system overcomes the disadvantages present in the existing systems such as hardware complexity, dependence on external object and limitation in recognition of the movements. It is a gestural interface that allows the physical world around us with digital information and uses gesture and color recognition algorithm based on Open CV. This recognizes the hand, tracks the hand movements and provides information about it on the screen, monitor or any component used as display.

15.CLINICO-ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN CHILDREN ADMITTED IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Dipendra Sharma, Sunil Gupta, Himanshu Goyal*, Rajesh kumar, R.K. Gulati

Download PDF

RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Abstract:

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) comprises one of the major diseases in pediatric age group and is one of the leading causes of death in children with congenital malformations.

This study aimed to assess spectrum and clinical presentation of congenital heart disease and to study clinico-echocardiographic correlation in CHD patients. In this prospective study all children (Term neonate to adolescents (0 to 19 years) with history and examination suggestive of congenital heart disease were included. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography with color Doppler.

In this study 91 out of 99 clinically suspected cases were confirmed to have congenital heart diseases by 2D-echo with color Doppler. Acyanotic heart disease (73.6%) were more common than cyanotic CHD (26.4%) which was statistically significant (p value <0.001). Most common age of presentation was in infancy (65.94%) which was statistically significant (p=0.003).Most common presentation was breathlessness (82%) in acyanotic CHD patients. Cyanosis was the most common presentation in cyanotic CHD patients. Wasting was documented in 26 cases (28.57%) and Stunting in 18 (19.19%) cases which were statistically significant (p<0.001). Clinico-echocardiographic correlation was present in 57 out of 91 cases (62.6%).

So high index of suspicion, history, physical examination, chest x-ray and ECG along with 2-D Echocardiography & color Doppler helps to diagnose most of the Congenital Heart Diseases.

16.PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COLD ACTIVE AND SALT STABLE ALKALINE PROTEASE FROM HALOMONAS SP. LAP520: LONAR SODA LAKE ISOLATE

Mukundraj G. Rathod & Anupama P. Pathak*

Download PDF

Maharashtra, INDIA

Abstract:

Efficient cold active and salt stable alkaline protease producer was isolated from Lonar lake of Maharashtra, India. It was identified as Halomonas sp. LAP520 based on morphological and microscopic characters and enzyme profile. Casein yeast extract medium was used for alkaline protease production. 1050 U/mg production of alkaline protease was recorded from Halomonas sp. LAP520. Optimum catalytic activity of alkaline protease from Halomonas sp. LAP520 was recorded at 10 oC, pH 10 and 8 % NaCl. Therefore LAP520 alkaline protease can be used in different biotechnological industries.

17.ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL STAINS AND DYES RESISTANT THERMOPHILIC BACTERIUM

Mayuri S. Sarsar and Anupama P. Pathak*

Download PDF

Maharashtra, INDIA

Abstract:

In the present study thermophilic organisms were isolated from coastal thermal spring Unhala of Rajapur (16° 35' N, 73° 30' E) in the district of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. Of these, one rapidly growing gram positive rod shaped, motile bacteria was selected and identified as Bacillus lentus on the basis of cultural, microscopic and biochemical characters and whose resistance to different dyes and biological stains was confirmed by observing luxuriant growth in the medium containing respective dyes and biological stains.

18.Delay Tolerant Networking for Sensor Networks

Pravin Wararkar, H K Dahule, Pratiksha Meshram and Girish Patil

Download PDF

Maharashtra, INDIA

Abstract:

Sensor network deployments may be far removed from com-munications infrastructure such as the Internet. Yet, to be maximally useful, these networks of sensors must ultimately e connected to data storage and analysis facilities. Providing connectivity for such networks may involve exotic and usual methods of data transfer. In addition, within such networks, problems of intermittent connectivity due to power scheduling, node failure, and packet losses from unpredictable external factors are frequently encountered. As a solution the first problem, we propose the use of the Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) architecture, which provides reliable data communication across heterogeneous, failure-prone networks. For the second problem, we show elements of the DTN architecture can be employed within a sensor network to mitigate communication interruptions. We suggest an overall architecture, employing the full DTN architecture for access to sensor networks, combined with a subset implementation of its design for use within sensor networks, as a reasonable basis for complete delay-tolerant sensor network architecture.

19.GONIEOMETRIC STUDY OF CARRYING ANGLE AND ITS CORRELATION WITH VARIOUS PARAMETERS IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN POPULATION

Raichandani Leena, Sharma Karishma*, Kataria.K. Sushma, Agarwal Ritu, Joya Hemkawar, Raichandani Surbhi

Download PDF

RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION

The angle formed by the axes of the arm and the axes of forearm when the elbow is fully extended and forearm is supinated that obtuse angle is know as “carrying angle”. Carrying angle evaluation is important to identify deformities of elbow. The present study aimed measure and correlation of carrying angle with various parameters in young males and females.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

The present study includes 200 (100 females & 100 males) healthy students of MBBS from Dr S.N.Medical College, Jodhpur, were selected and age groups is 18-22years.Universal Goniometer is used for measurement of carrying angle. Bicipital groove ,biceps brachii tendon at its insertion and palmaris longus tendon at the wrist were palpated and marked as anatomical landmarks to demarcate the median axes of arm and forearm respectively. Measurements were documented and statistically analyzed.

RESULT

The mean carrying angle of male on right limb was 11.80±4.98 and the females was 13.42±6.01,p value (˂0.003) and the mean carrying angle of male on the Left limb was 11.11±5.08 and the female was 13.01±5.97, p value(˂0.01).We observed the greater carrying angle in dominant limb than the non-dominant limb and mean carrying angle was greater in females than males.

CONCLUSION

The present study showed that the carrying angle was greater in females than in males and was greater in dominant arm than in non-dominant arm.