The basic characteristics of an individual as well as the experience from involvement in the environment result in the formulation of entrepreneurial competencies. This study aims to find out the level of entrepreneurial competence of rural beneficiaries of a financing scheme like Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana in Kerala. PMMY is a positive exertion to satisfy the credit needs of the micro-entrepreneurs and self-employed people in the informal sector of the economy. The main objectives of Mudra are, to empower entrepreneurs and self-employed people by growing their capabilities and operations through the formal arrangement of credit and thereby reducing their indebtedness (Maneesh Agarwal, 2018). Entrepreneurial competence of rural entrepreneurs is measured through the factors such as Perceived Behavioural Control, Subjective Norms, Social Evaluation, Circle of support, Entrepreneurial Skills, Personal Traits.

History and Government is an important subject in the Kenyan curriculum as it has social, economic and political impact in our lives. Despite its importance, students’ mean score for History and Government in KCSE nationally and in Baringo central sub county from the year 2016- 2019 is well below 50%. Students’ motivation to learn the subject is also low therefore the study seeks to assess the effects of Cooperative Learning Strategy on students’ academic achievement and motivation in History and Government in co-educational secondary schools in Baringo central county. Quasi-experimental research design, specifically Solomon-Four Non-Equivalent Control Group Research Design was used. The target population was all Form Two students in co-educational sub-county public secondary schools in Baringo central sub-county which is 1014 students while the accessible population was Form Two students in co-educational sub-county public secondary schools in Baringo central sub county which is 158 students. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample of four Co-educational sub-county public Secondary Schools. The instruments used in the study were History and Government Student Achievement Test (HGSAT) and History and Government Motivation Questionnaire (HGMQ). All instruments were pilot-tested in secondary schools within Baringo central sub-county but in a division that was not be included in the study with but similar characteristics as the sampled schools. Using KR-21 formulae, HGSAT yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.871 while using the cronbach alpha, HGMQ yielded 0.716 which were above the recommended threshold of 0.7. Data were analysed using t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. The findings of this study indicated that the use of CLS enhances students’ academic achievement and motivations learn History and Government better than conventional teaching methods. The study therefore recommends that History and Government teachers should integrate the use of CLS in their teaching and MOE to in-service secondary school teachers on the use of CLS.

The subject matter of this paper work focuses on to examine the effectiveness of training and how employees perceive training in the public sector banks. The paper also attempts to determine the training needs of the employees. Quantitative method through questionnaire survey is used for data collection in which questionnaires are distributed among 60 bank employees.
The study is carried out in public sector banks of Haliyal (Uttara Kannada district). Two hypothesis were formulated and tested using various statistical measures. Causal analysis is used to identify the relationship between different dimensions of training with the help of correlation tools.
The results of the study revealed that there is a positive correlation between the dimensions of training program- effective determination of training needs and trainee performance and overall training effectiveness which is significant at 0.01 level. This indicates that effective determination of training needs and trainee performance will increase the effectiveness of the training & development program. Therefore, to reap the complete advantage of training initiatives also as development programs, training needs should be done more professionally in conjunction with individuals involved alongside human resource personnel. Banks need to identify what is lacking and what needs to be changed. This will go a long way to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of employee’s performance and thus an aid to human resource personnel to design good training and development programs to suit their work force.

In an attempt to search for alternative to fungicides, certain new natural formulation (Plco-free) and Copper nanoparticles (CuNps) beside Montoro 30% (difencoconazole + propiconazol) fungicide were evaluated against CercosporabeticolaSacc, the causative fungus of leaf spot disease of sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.) under field conditions. Also, effect of the tested materials on some parameters of sugar-beet e.g. root fresh weight, soluble solid content(T.S.S), Chl.a, Chl.b, leaf temperature ,flow transpiration, Carbon dioxide rates, diffusive resistance, conductive coefficient and rate of pushing juice were estimated. The results showed that the biocontrol formulation was the most effective treatments against the leaf spot of sugar- beet followed by Montoro and CuNps respectively in both growing seasons. Assayed materials represent potential effective alternatives for fungicides in controlling the leaf spot of sugar-beet.

Equimolar amounts of 5-bromo-1,3-benzodioxole-4-carbaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide were combined together and the 2-((5-bromobenzo[d][1,3]-dioxol-4-yl)methylene) hydrazine-1-carbothioamide was prepared as a new bidentate complexing agent. The synthesized ligand was reacted with Copper (II) and Palladium (II) ions yielding air stable complexes. For quantification and characterization purposes; infrared spectra, electronic spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and mass spectral studies were carried out on the obtained ligand and it is metal complexes. Thermo gravimetric analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements were also used for characterization of metal complexes. The IR spectrum showed that the ligand acts as a bidentate coordinates to the metal ions through the nitrogen and Sulfur atoms. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility for Copper (II) and Palladium (II) complexes were found to be 2.59 and 0.0 B.M respectively, suggested the octahedral and square planar geometry respectively. The conductivity measurements revealed that the chelates are non-electrolytes and electrolytes respectively. An in vitro antimicrobial investigation was also carried out for the free ligand and its metal complexes against bacterial and fungal strains, to assess their antimicrobial properties by disc diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared complexes showed higher activity than the free ligand.