Cardiovascular Diseases are the number one cause of death globally. Risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in young adults is often underestimated despite the high prevalence. A descriptive survey study was conducted among the students of a selected College, Manipur, with the objectives of assessing the prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, determining the awareness regarding risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and finding the association between awareness regarding risk factors of cardiovascular diseases with selected socio-demographic variables. 100 subjects were selected by purposive sampling technique. Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. To assess the prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, data were collected using a structured questionnaire and the tool was prepared on the basis of WHO STEPS instrument and healthy heart questionnaire. After assessing the prevalence of risk factors, awareness level regarding risk factors was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the tool was established before final data collection. The findings of the study revealed that the most common risk factors present among the students were inadequate intake of fruits (68%), exposure to passive smoking (64%) and inadequate physical activity (60%). Majority of the students (74.23%) have 3 or more risk factors. Most of the students (72%) have an average level of awareness regarding risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The study findings show high prevalence of risk factors among the students. This shows the need of awareness and motivation to adopt healthy lifestyle especially in younger population group.

Background: This study aimed to assess NT-pro BNP level and its correlation with glycaemic control and diabetic nephropathy in patients of T2DM without overt cardiovascular disease.
Methods: This study conducted at SMS Hospital, Jaipur by selecting 120 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Information regarding demographic data, clinical symptoms, past medical history, laboratory parameters, NT pro-BNP and 24 h urine protein collected from selected sample population.
Results: The mean value of fasting (140.48 mg/dL) and post-prandial blood sugar (206.64 mg/dL), HbA1c (8.18%), NT pro-BNP (748.58 pg/mL), creatinine (1.24 mg/dL), 24 h urine protein (398.28 mg/24 h) were found to be significantly raised in selected patients of T2DM. 94% patients had underlying proteinuria among which nearly one third of patients had microalbuminuria while remaining two third had macroalbuminuria. Absolute value of NT-pro BNP in patients of T2DM had positive correlation with age of patients (‘r’= +0.2984, p=0.0009), duration of diabetes (‘r’= +0.3165, p=0.0004), fasting blood sugar (‘r’=+0.6841, p<0.001), post prandial blood sugar (‘r’ =+0.2043, p=0.0252), HbA1c (‘r’ =+0.6858 and p<0.001) creatinine (‘r’ =+0.4563, p<0.001) and 24 hours urinary protein (‘r’ =+0.7921, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Heart failure in patients with T2DM is a most crucial diabetic complication for diagnosis as well as management. NT-pro BNP level in blood stream had an important role for early diagnosis of heart failure. This study suggest that the secretions of NT-pro BNP is increased in patients with T2DM having poor glycemic control, raised fasting or postprandial blood sugar and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, measurement of HbA1c, fasting or postprandial blood sugar and 24 h urine proteins are the simple screening tool to identify patients with diabetes at risk for ventricular dysfunction requiring further examination with NT pro-BNP and echocardiography.