The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of supplier relationship management on procurement performance. The study focused on four specific objectives which included effects of supplier collaboration on procurement performance, effects of supplier commitment on procurement performance, effects of supplier feedback on procurement performance and effects of supplier lead time on procurement performance. In order to get a deeper understanding of the variables of the study, literature review on supplier relationship management on procurement performance was reviewed and theories used such as social network theory, commitment-trust theory, communication theory and lastly transactional cost theory. The study employed descriptive and inferential research design methods. The target population for the study was 62 employees of Coast Water Service Board from respective departments. The sample size was 54 which were arrived at by using Crochan’s formulae from the target population. The study also adopted quantitative research design. The study used both primary and secondary data in collection of data from the respondents. Data collection was done using questionnaire method. Out of the 54 questionnaires that were dropped, only 50 were returned and fully filled. The researcher used pilot testing to ascertain the validity and reliability for the results for the study. Data analysis and interpretation was based on descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics mainly regression analysis and Pearson correlation. Data presentation was done through frequency distribution of tables. From the findings, the independent variables that are the supplier collaboration, supplier commitment, supplier feedback and supplier lead time have strong significant relationship with the dependent variable procurement performance and is concluded that they are key determinants of procurement performance in an organization. It is therefore recommended that the Management of Coast Water Service Board put more emphases on building long term relationships with suppliers, systems should be integrated with the suppliers for easy flow of procurement processes an also strategies and policies on managing relationships with suppliers should be put in place The study revealed that cooperating with our suppliers is beneficial to organization in regards to long term relationships and in the long run good procurement performance.

Mitochondria antiviral signaling form the basis of new technological innovations in the emergence of therapeutic concerns in virus pathogenesis. In this perspective mitochondria antiviral signaling may provide the main stream of evolution of host-virus protein interaction, anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic signaling and resolving the medical interventions by assessing the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics in virus invading mechanisms. The coronaviruses belong to the family mimiviridae in its unique feature of producing the VMC-I (Viral Mitochondrial Carrier Protein-I) that mimic the mitochondrial protein. VMC-I inhibit the mitochondrial protein to invade the infected cell hence lead to ATP insufficiency. Depleted ATP transmigrate the cell to death progression. Also, viral invasion triggers the pro-apoptotic signaling in the cell via caspase activated pathway on the contrary anti-apoptotic signaling of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL genes provide the regulation of mitochondria mediated rescue for host cell.

Biodiversity is encountered by serious threats due to disturbances caused in the ecosystem by anthropogenic factors. Some of the key drivers of disturbances in the terrestrial ecosystem include land use changes such as clearing of natural vegetation for agriculture, monoculture plantations, forest fragmentation, various industrial activities and forest fire. These changes happening in the ecosystem have impact on the insects, which constitute about 80 percent of the species on earth. Among the insects, the butterflies are very sensitive to even minor changes in the environment and are considered as ‘bioindicators’.  Hence they are also likely to be much affected by the disturbances in the ecosystem. In this context, a study was carried out from 2012 to 2015 to find out the threat factors on butterfly diversity of Walayar Valley, the major break in the Western Ghats mountain system. It was found that the major threat factors encountered by butterflies in the valley are: forest fire, extension of monoculture forest plantations, degradation of forests / formation of scrub and expansion of areas under mining. The forest degradation started in both Kerala and Tamil Nadu part of Walayar Valley from 1920s and its intensity was very high during the 50 years period, up to 1970s and the area under scrub was increasing. The forest degradation happened from 1970s to 2010 was not much, compared to the earlier period.  The threat factor analysis has shown that the forest areas lying in Kerala part of Walayar Valley has undergone more disturbances, compared to Tamil Nadu part of the valley. Walayar Valley has been found to shelter six species of endemic butterflies and 10 butterfly species listed under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 which are of conservation concern. Most of the tropical forest areas have undergone changes one way or other in the recent past due to anthropogenic factors and the biodiversity available has to be preserved in such areas now. Hence biodiversity conservation in partially modified landscapes, as in the case of Walayar Valley has significance and requires utmost attention. Managerial interventions towards reducing the impact of the threat factors as well as measures for eco-restoration of the disturbed ecosystem of the valley are the need of the hour to conserve the butterfly diversity.

Fruits and vegetables being the most important daily diet continue to respire and face numerous issues after harvest that shorten their post-harvest life, reduce post-harvest quality and market value. Amongst them softening of the fruits and deterioration are the major hazard that ends up with loss in the physiological weight, damage of fruit appearance and negative change in organoleptic properties like color, texture and flavor that are generally termed as post-harvest losses. To overcome the post-harvest losses, fruits and vegetables are coated by protective coating material to prolonging its shelf life and enhance fruits quality. Aloe veragel and calcium salts (CaCl2) are the best edible post-harvest coating material that has the ability to retain all the post-harvest quality parameters of fruits and vegetables during storage. In this review results of the recent research articles on the use of Aloe veragel and calcium chloride (CaCl2) salts were organized and discussed. This review will provide a reference for further research studies on the edible coating materials for keeping the post-harvest quality of fruits and vegetables along with the extension in shelf life.

Alcoholism affects the drinking individual physically in the way they behave, think, feel and it can affect family members. Alcohol may be the central guiding principle of family life, causing trauma and shaping each individual’s development. This study highlights the “Psycho-Social problems faced by the children in alcoholic family”. This study draws upon Primary Source were collected which children in Save our Society organization Kitwe, Zambia and Secondary Sources including memories, published letters, journals and a complete collection of the little review. Descriptive design is used in this research. The tool used to collect data for this study is interview schedule. 66% respondents are between the ages of 10-13. The results and discussion fined that 50% of the respondents replied that mentally affected by Alcoholic father. The suggestions given in the study can be cited to effects of Alcohol should be adding in the lesson plan to aware the children and children of alcoholics should not be neglected instead essential care needs to be given by the parents or care takers.

Objectives: Antibacterial activity of bio synthetic silver nanoparticles against E. coliATCC8739using Moringa oleifera stem extractwas investigated. 

Materials and methods: Prepared silver nanoparticles were characterized by using different techniques included: Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS spectra analysis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The comparison between the antibacterial activities of the concentration 100µg/ml and 80 µg/mlof the bio synthetic silver nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera stem extract tested against E. coliATCC8739was evaluated by using agar diffusion assay method.

Results: FTIR analysis was showed the groups caused the reduction action of Moringa oleifera stem extractto form silver nanoparticles. TEM shows a dispersion of nanoparticles in a range (7.56 - 23.71 - 26.13) nm by using Moringa oleifera stem extract. The antimicrobial activity of the 100 µg/ml and 80 µg/ml concentrations of synthetized silver nanoparticles was approved againstE.coli ATCC8739reference strainby showing zone of inhibition equal to (17.5,16.5)mm respectively, while the Moringa oleifera stem extract  solution showed  no zone of inhibition appeared.